Important decisions have been made in the recent climate conference. The climate conference was a very important meeting in the global climate governance process.

The results of the conference are in line with China's concept of ecological civilization and its recommendations on promoting a green and low-carbon transition, and indicate the direction of the next phase of the global climate change process.

With the joint efforts of China and other countries, worldwide access and commercialization of renewable energy has become a reality.  China's efforts have reduced the production cost of photovoltaic power by 90 percent and the cost of wind power by 70 to 80 percent, and China has played a major role in promoting green and low-carbon development in the global response to climate change.

At the Climate Conference, 110 countries pledged to triple renewable energy. The countries of the world have joined together for the elimination of environmental pollution.

During the environmental conference COP 28, more than 110 countries have signed an agreement to triple the world's renewable energy capacity by 2030, oil and gas at the conference. 50 producing companies have also announced to be carbon-free by 2050. The carbon-free agreement includes government companies of 29 countries including Saudi Arabia and the Emirates.

The United States has pledged $3 billion for the Green Climate Fund at the COP28 environmental conference. During the environmental conference organized by the United Nations, various agreements and promises have been made to deal with the global environmental crisis.

As many as 110 countries have also pledged to increase renewable energy production by 300%, these countries are determined to work together to bring global renewable energy production capacity to at least 11 gigawatts by the end of this decade. And 50 gas-producing companies have also pledged to become carbon-free by 2050, with Saudi Arabia's state oil company Aramco and the United Arab Emirates' ADNOC among 29 state-owned companies that have signed a non-binding agreement.

117 countries of the COP28 have signed, and are committed to achieving net zero emissions of greenhouse gases by 2050, including wind, solar and other renewable energies.

 A tripling of renewable energy sends a very strong message to investors and financial markets that the world is moving towards this goal. The nearly 200 countries negotiating the COP28 climate agreement face tough negotiations ahead on the future of fossil fuels.  The world can and must deal with this crisis.

The world can and must fight this crisis. The United States will contribute $3 billion to the Global Environment Facility, the first fund pledged by the United States to developing countries since 2014. The last contribution to the fund for developing countries was made under then-President Barack Obama, who pledged $3 billion in 2014. The world's largest climate fund provides grants and loans for projects in developing countries, such as solar panels in Pakistan or flood mitigation in Haiti. The failure of rich countries to meet financial commitments to help developing countries deal with climate change has fueled tensions and mistrust at climate negotiations.  Developing countries are the least responsible for climate change. They are seeking support from high-polluting countries to cope with the increasingly dire consequences of climate change and their transition to clean energy sources.

The World Environmental Conference, which started on November 30, ended on December 12, in which important decisions were taken to prevent environmental pollution.The caretaker prime minister of Pakistan also participated in the COP conference for measures to combat environmental pollution and smog in Pakistan.

After harvesting wheat and rice crops in Pakistan, the residues that remain in the fields can be made into mushrooms instead of burning them, which has numerous benefits for humans.

Vitamins and other essential health ingredients have been made available to the people from mushrooms. If our government starts an awareness campaign to farmers with the help of agricultural institutions for the production of mushrooms, then we can prepare mushrooms for the people of the country from the crop residues and also get rid of smog.

The government must conduct awareness campaigns for farmers to produce mushrooms in this way.

Due to smog, the government has banned the burning of paddy straw. The farmer cannot cultivate the next crop without destroying the straw. Instead of burning the straw, it is possible to use it for other purposes. For this, if the government helps and guides the farmer, then this straw is a very useful thing. Many years ago, the rice factory owners were tired of rice husks, then it started being used, it started selling. Mushroom production can be achieved through mulched straw but it requires proper guidance of the farmers.

It may be mentioned here that Lahore and other Punjab city dwellers face health hazards due to smog threat every winter, which engulfs Punjab for more than a month in winter every year.

On the one hand, increased number of traffic accidents are reported due to smog on the motorways, while on the other hands, the chest and asthma diseases are on the rise due to pollution which has risen to alarming level with the advent of the winter season. The situation reaches an alarming level and then the in order to control the smog threat, the chief minister of Punjab  imposes a temporary ban on all businesses and also closed educational institutions for weeks.

An emergent situation is developed every year and the district and divisional administrations of the most polluted cities also issued instructions to take the strictest measures as due to smog, there are bad effects on the health and mind of the people.  Choking does not take the name of ending.  In some cases, the way was not even visible. If inhaled, throat irritation and burning sensation was felt.

This smog pollution is the worst effect for people’s health and doctors used to advise to drink more water, keep cold patches on the eyes. Sprinkle water in the morning and evening, sprinkle the streets. On the other hand, the Department of Agriculture and Meteorology seem to be worried separately, they catch one and leave the other. So this situation develops every year in Punjab and it is the consequences of climate change effects.

Published in The Daily National Courier, December, 26 2023

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